Iraq - A Country Study

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Country Profile GEOGRAPHY ECONOMY TRANSPORTATION GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS NATIONAL SECURITY Introduction Chapter 1. Historical Setting ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA Iranian and Greek Intrusions THE ARAB CONQUEST AND THE COMING OF ISLAM The Sunni-Shia Controversy The Abbasid Caliphate, 750-1258 The Mongol Invasion THE OTTOMAN PERIOD, 1534-1918 WORLD WAR I AND THE BRITISH MANDATE IRAQ AS AN INDEPENDENT MONARCHY REPUBLICAN IRAQ COUPS, COUP ATTEMPTS, AND FOREIGN POLICY THE EMERGENCE OF SADDAM HUSAYN, 1968-79 THE IRAN-IRAQ CONFLICT Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment GEOGRAPHY AND POPULATION Major Geographical Features Settlement Patterns Climate Population The People Kurds Other Minorities RELIGIOUS LIFE Islam Sunnis Shias Sunni-Shia Relations in Iraq SOCIAL SYSTEMS Rural Society Impact of Agrarian Reform Urban Society Stratification and Social Classes FAMILY AND SOCIETY EDUCATION AND WELFARE Health Welfare Chapter 3. The Economy GROWTH AND STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT BANKING AND FINANCE THE OIL SECTOR The Turkish Petroleum Company Post-World War II Through the 1970s Oil in the 1980s INDUSTRIALIZATION AGRICULTURE Water Resources Land Tenure and Agrarian Reform Cropping and Livestock TRANSPORTATION Roads Railroads Ports Airports TELECOMMUNICATIONS ELECTRICITY FOREIGN TRADE Chapter 4. Government and Politics CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK GOVERNMENT The National Assembly The President and the Council of Ministers The Judiciary Local Government Kurdish Autonomy POLITICS The Politics of Alliance: The Progressive National Front Political Opposition MASS MEDIA FOREIGN POLICY The Soviet Union The West The Persian Gulf Countries Iraq and Other Arab Countries Relations with Other Countries Participation in International Organizations Chapter 5. National Security NATIONAL SECURITY CONCERNS THE REGULAR ARMED FORCES Manpower and Training Conditions of Service and Morale Military Justice System Uniforms and Rank Insignia PARAMILITARY FORCES FOREIGN MILITARY TIES The Iran-Iraq War and the Quest for New Sources of Arms Arms from the Soviet Union Arms from France The Search for Nuclear Technology THE IRAN-IRAQ WAR Iraqi Offensives, 1980-82 Iraqi Retreats, 1982-84 The War of Attrition, 1984-87 The Tanker War, 1984-87 ARMED FORCES AND SOCIETY The Sociology of the Military The Defense Burden The Impact of Casualties on the Armed Forces Treatment of Veterans and Widows INTERNAL SECURITY The Kurdish Problem The Iraqi Communists and Baathist Iraq Impact of the Iranian Revolution on Iraqi Shias Internal Security in the 1980s Incidence of Crime Criminal Justice System

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