Colombia - A Country Study

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COUNTRY PROFILE COUNTRY SOCIETY ECONOMY TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS NATIONAL SECURITY INTRODUCTION Chapter 1. Historical Setting THE SPANISH CONQUEST Exploration and Conquest COLONIAL SOCIETY, 1550-1810 Colonial Administration The Colonial Economy The Colonial Church Developments Leading to Independence THE FOUNDING OF THE NATION, 1810-1903 The Independence Movement Gran Colombia New Granada Consolidation of Political Divisions The Federalists The Nationalists THE PERIOD OF RECONCILIATION, 1903-30 Economic and Social Change THE REFORMIST PERIOD, 1930-45 COLLAPSE OF THE DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM, 1946-58 La Violencia The Rojas Pinilla Dictatorship THE NATIONAL FRONT, 1958-74 Instituting the Coalition Government Opposition to the National Front Dismantling the Coalition Apparatus THE POST-NATIONAL FRONT PERIOD, 1974-82 The Liberal Tenure Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment PHYSICAL SETTING Geographic Regions Andean Highlands Caribbean Lowlands Pacific Lowlands Eastern Colombia Climate POPULATION AND URBANIZATION Population Trends Urbanization, Migration, and Immigration RACE AND ETHNICITY Historical Development Contemporary Trends SOCIAL CLASS Upper Class Middle Class The Lower Class and the Masses FAMILY LIFE INCOME DISTRIBUTION Rural Wages Urban Wages HEALTH AND WELFARE General Indicators of Health The Politics of Health: Priorities, Institutions, and Public Policy National Health Care System Social Security RELIGION The Church in Society Trends Within the Church since the 1940s EDUCATION Historical Background Administration and Finance Primary Education Secondary and University Education Resource Allocation DRUGS AND SOCIETY Chapter 3. The Economy GROWTH AND STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY MACROECONOMIC TRENDS Inflation and Unemployment The Labor Movement ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT IN THE ECONOMY Fiscal and Monetary Policy Parastatal Management AGRICULTURE Crops Livestock Forestry and Fishing MINING AND ENERGY Coal Petroleum INDUSTRY SERVICES Banking Tourism Utilities Transportation and Communications FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS Foreign Trade Direction of Trade Balance of Payments Foreign Debt Chapter 4. Government and Politics THE GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEM The Executive The Legislature The Judiciary Public Administration Local Government The Electoral System POLITICAL DYNAMICS Factionalism Minor Third Parties Post-National Front Political Developments Interest Groups The Military The Church Economic Associations Labor Unions Students News Media FOREIGN RELATIONS Relations with the United States Relations with Latin America Relations with World Organizations Relations with Communist Countries Relations with Other Nations Foreign Policy Decision Making Chapter 5. National Security BACKGROUND AND TRADITIONS OF THE ARMED FORCES Historical Background The Development of the Modern Armed Forces Professionalization Efforts The Leticia Conflict The Establishment of United States Military Ties The Legacy of La Violencia Civic Action, Counterinsurgency, and Internal Security Foreign Military Influence Geopolitical Interests Isla de San André The Golfo de Venezuela and Islas Los Monjes The Political Role of the Armed Forces CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS AND TREATY OBLIGATIONS Constitutional Authority and the Legal Basis of the Armed Forces Treaty Obligations THE ORGANIZATION OF THE ARMED FORCES Operational Command, Deployment, and Equipment The National Army The National Navy The Colombian Air Force Military Expenditures Conscription and Military Service The Military Education System Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia THE NATIONAL POLICE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES INTERNAL SECURITY PROBLEMS Guerrilla and Terrorist Groups The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia The 19th of April Movement The National Liberation Army The Popular Liberation Army Narcotics Control and Interdiction CRIME AND PUNISHMENT Crime and Political Violence The Penal System

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